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There are many different approaches for breast reconstruction that vary according to the type of mastectomy that was performed, and to the condition of the breast skin. In some cases, reconstruction can be achieved through a simple implant or prosthesis alone. In other instances, there is not enough skin to accommodate an implant, and a “flap” of donor tissue must be brought into the area. This flap contains skin, muscle, and the blood vessels needed to nourish it and are usually taken from the back or the abdomen to provide adequate skin covering for an implant. In some flap procedures, an implant may not be necessary.

Another technique involves placement of a balloon-like device called a tissue expander, which is placed beneath the chest muscle and gradually filled with saline to stretch the overlying skin until it is able to accommodate an implant. Additional surgery is often needed to reconstruct the nipple and areola. These reconstructive procedures are usually performed in the hospital under general anesthesia and may require a few days of hospitalization.